Toll for tappan zee bridge - The toll fees for crossing the Tappan Zee Bridge vary depending on the type of vehicle and the payment method. The current toll fee for passenger vehicles with E-ZPass is $5.75, while those without E-ZPass pay $8.50. For commercial vehicles, the toll fee ranges from $7.00 to $46.00, depending on the weight and number of axles.

 
 Additionally, the Thruway Authority also plans to implement fixed toll rate increases of $0.50 each year at the new Tappan Zee Bridge until 2027, when the base NY E-ZPass rate for passenger ... . Metra crystal lake

The New York Thruway Authority has announced that truck tolls will be increased on the Tappan Zee Bridge. For E-Z Pass customers, truck tolls will be increased from $3 to $6 during rush hours 6 a.m.Dec 20, 2019 · Driving on the new Tappan Zee Bridge is about to get more costly for motorists. New toll increases on the Tappan Zee Bridge have been announced. The New York State Thruway Authority has approved increasing the toll on the bridge for E-ZPass users to $5.25 by 2021 and $5.75 by 2022. Those paying by mail would see a 30 percent increase, including ... Linkt Brisbane is a leading electronic tolling provider in Queensland, offering an efficient and convenient way to pay for tolls on major roads and bridges. By using Linkt Brisbane...A replacement for the Tappan Zee, the longest bridge in New York, will carry eight lanes of traffic 3.1 miles between Rockland and Westchester Counties. ... looking at tolls — at $5, the Tappan ...The Tappan Zee Bridge was constructed between 1952 and 1955. Captain Emil H. Praeger, U.S. Navy Retired (1882-1973), served as chief engineer for Madigan-Hyland, the designers of the bridge. The bridge is 3.1-mile-long structure supported by a substructure consisting of abutments and 198 piers.Tolls by Mail users will pay more. By 2027, they’ll pay $13.56, up from the current $7.48, to cross the Rockland-to-Westchester span, which replaced the Tappan Zee Bridge at a …Look for the toll bill related to your trip across the Tappan Zee Bridge. Toll bills are usually organized by date, allowing you to locate the correct one easily. 3. Review the bill details: Click on the selected toll bill to view its details. Take the time to review the information presented, including the date and time of the trip, toll ...Aug 24, 2017 ... The tolls on the bridge are frozen at $5 until 2020. The governor did not say whether they would increase after that. Cuomo's comments caused a ...Proposed significant rate hikes for travelers on the New York State Thruway and the new Tappan Zee Bridge are now official.The New York State Thruway Authority passed its budget this week, which includes an increase in tolls for drivers tr…Sunday, April 24, 2016. wabc. NYACK, New York (WABC) -- Cashless tolls took effect at the Tappan Zee Bridge shortly after the stroke of midnight Sunday. The new system of electronic toll ...Those with out-of-state EZ-Pass tags, and those who pay by mail, would be charged a whopping $13.56 to cross from Rockland to Westchester on the twin-span bridge that replaced the Tappan Zee...The Thruway’s transition to system-wide cashless tolling began in 2016 on the then Tappan Zee Bridge, now Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, followed by the remaining fixed-price barriers in 2018. During the peak activity of the project, a workforce of more than 800 workers from across the state performed work along the I-87 and I-90 …If the proposal is approved, drivers on the Tappan Zee Bridge would see tolls go up 35 percent over four years, from $5.75 to $7.75, according to Rockland County …The Tappan Zee Bridge charges tolls in the Westchester southbound/eastbound direction only. On weekdays, tolls are variable based on the New York State Thruway 's vehicle classification system and the time of day, and are collected using a cashless toll system.First, the system is actually a series of two systems that facilitate the “cashless” portion of tolling on the Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge, and previously on the Tappan Zee Bridge: One system for ...The toll fees for crossing the Tappan Zee Bridge vary depending on the type of vehicle and the payment method. The current toll fee for passenger vehicles with …Lessons From the Tappan Zee Bridge. The $4 billion New York bridge demonstrates the need for a new approach to American infrastructure. In the U.S., federal, state and local governments spend over ...Aug 8, 2023 · Cross Bay and Marine Parkway Bridges. $2.60. $4.11. $5.60. *The Mid-Tier Toll Rate is (1) higher than the E-ZPass toll rate that is charged to E-ZPass New York Customer Service Center (NYCSC) customers when their Tag is properly mounted, but (2) lower than the full toll charged to customers without a NYCSC E-ZPass Tag or account. The toll for trucks in New York can be paid by E-ZPass on all bridges and tunnels including Verrazano bridge, Geroge Washinton bridge and Tappan Zee bridge. Truck tolls can also be paid by Toll-by-Mail on most of the NY bridges and tunnels. Cash payment for tolls is not accepted on any of the New York City bridges and tunnels.The new one is the Tappan Zee bridge and is named the the Mario Cuomo Bridge. If it's not clear why, it's because the body of water the bridge covers is called the Tappan Zee. So, any bridge crossing it is the Tappan Zee bridge, no matter what anyone says. ... The bridge toll pays for things other than the bridge. Like the pavement used to ...Mail - send the Toll Bill coupon and payment (no cash) to: Tolls by Mail Payment Processing Center PO Box 15183 Albany, NY 12212-5183. Phone – contact the Tolls by Mail Customer Service Center at 1-844-826-8400. In Person – pay using cash at a local retailer, click here to find a location near you.The Tappan Zee has been replaced by a new cable-stayed bridge that opened in 2017 and cost $4 billion to build. The new 16,368-foot Cuomo Bridge was named after the longtime politician and father ...The toll for trucks in New York can be paid by E-ZPass on all bridges and tunnels including Verrazano bridge, Geroge Washinton bridge and Tappan Zee bridge. Truck tolls can also be paid by Toll-by-Mail on most of the NY bridges and tunnels. Cash payment for tolls is not accepted on any of the New York City bridges and tunnels.Don't get caught out with unexpected toll fees when renting a car. Find out how to avoid car rental toll fees and view a list of cashless tolls in the U.S. We may be compensated wh...First, the system is actually a series of two systems that facilitate the “cashless” portion of tolling on the Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge, and previously on the Tappan Zee Bridge: One system for ...Driving on the new Tappan Zee Bridge is about to get more costly for motorists.The New York State Thruway Authority has approved increasing the toll on the bridge for E-ZPass users to $5.25 by 2021 and $5.75 by 2022. Those paying by mail w…None of the 60 full- and part-time employees at the Tappan Zee Bridge toll plaza are losing their jobs; all will be transferred elsewhere. Both Gregorio and Redman will move to New Rochelle, and ...The Tappan Zee Bridge’s endangered peregrine falcons have returned to their man-made nest box to prepare for the nesting season and can be viewed on the project’s “Falcon Cam.”. Installed in the steel super structure of the existing bridge, the nest box is equipped with a live, 24/7 FalconCam, accessible here. The remote FalconCam ...The proposed New York State Thruway was to be part of a 1,780-mile network of "interstate and interregional" expressways. The early thruway plan had the toll road cross the Hudson River at the proposed Newburgh-Beacon Bridge (I-84). Later plans had the thruway cross at the proposed Tappan Zee Bridge (I-87 and I-287). The plan also calls for fixed toll rate increases of $0.50 each year at the new Tappan Zee Bridge until 2027, at which point the base NY E-ZPass rate for passenger vehicles will be $7.75. Approved in 1942, the Thruway started construction in 1946 near Syracuse. When the Tappan Zee Bridge opened nine years later, it linked the two portions of the roadway, giving the Thruway mainline a total length of 423 miles – the longest operating toll expressway in the nation. By the end of 1960, all 559 miles of the Thruway system were ...With the second half of the new, $3.9 billion Tappan Zee Bridge replacement steadily rising over the Hudson River, attention is increasingly turning toward tolls, how the multi-billion dollar ...B-7 – Diversion Analysis for Potential Toll Adjustments on the Tappan Zee Bridge; B-8 – Technical Report 1 – Traffic; B-9 – Technical Report 2 – Transit; ... F-5A – Underwater Ambient Sound Level in the Hudson River near the Tappan Zee Bridge: Short and Long Span Ambient Noise Modeling (Jasco, July 2011)Tappan Zee Bridge. The Tappan Zee Bridge, also known as the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, spans across the Hudson River. The bridge’s north span carries the northbound and westbound automobile traffic of the New York State Thruway, Interstate 87 (I-87) and I- 287. Tolls on the Tappan Zee Bridge are in the southbound and eastbound direction ...TARRYTOWN, N.Y. (CBSNewYork) -- Drivers who don't have an E-ZPass can now cross the Tappan Zee Bridge without getting stuck in long, slow lines at the toll plaza. Starting Sunday, money is no ...TAPPAN ZEE BRIDGE. NY Thruway plans toll hike: Here's what you'd pay, and when. Peter D. Kramer. New York State Team. 0:03. 1:18. NY Thruway Authority board will consider toll hikes at...TAPPAN ZEE BRIDGE. NY Thruway plans toll hike: Here's what you'd pay, and when. Peter D. Kramer. New York State Team. 0:03. 1:18. NY Thruway Authority board will consider toll hikes at...Some 138,000 cars cross the Tappan Zee every day, contributing nearly 20 percent of the Thruway's annual toll revenue. As of the end of August, traffic totals on the bridge were up 1 percent over ...Under former NY Governor Andrew Cuomo, the Tappan Zee Bridge was replaced over a five year period, (2013-2018), with the Mario Cuomo Bridge. At the time, it was the single largest bridge project in NY history, with a cost of $5 Billion. Since its opening, the toll for bridge has remained at or around $5 for EZ Pass holders, (now at $5.75).PIERMONT, N.Y. (CBSNewYork/AP) -- One of the world's largest floating cranes has arrived at the Tappan Zee Bridge replacement project site. The 400-foot-long Left Coast Lifter — which has been ...New toll rates effective on January 7, 2024. NOTE: New toll rates went into effect January 7, 2024. Learn more and see below for table showing all rates. All rates shown in the table below apply to the Lincoln & Holland tunnels, the George Washington, Bayonne & Goethals bridges, and the Outerbridge Crossing. Tolls are collected entering New York.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Right now, it costs New York E-ZPass holders $5.75 to get across the Cuomo bridge, which replaced the Tappan Zee Bridge five years ago. On Monday, the public weighed in on a proposal to increase ...2. Votes. Drivers pay only going east and on the east side of the river. It is possible that if you don't have EZ-Pass you have to pay by mail. That seems to be the transition under way in NY State at other toll booths. You can find out by Googling the bridge. over a year ago. Reviewed this attraction.1 Here is the easiest way to go because you skip the Tappan Zee bridge and Westchester County: Take the Garden State to 87 (New York State Thruway). Go north on the Thruway. Get off Exit 17 and ... Tolls by Mail NY. For information or to pay an invoice from Tolls by Mail NY, please visit: www.tollsbymailny.com. Many toll roads and bridges in New York State have recently converted to cashless tolling. All vehicles drive under a tolling gantry without needing to stop, bringing benefits of less engine idling and fewer accidents in the toll ... This route would connect to (and take maximum advantage of) north-south arteries on both sides of the Hudson River, not only those in Westchester and Rockland counties, but …Cash-less toll is good in many ways, but not for people in rental cars. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to ...Travel south down the Thruway from Troy toward New York City and you’ll eventually run into an engineering marvel: the Tappan Zee Bridge, a 60-year-old, 3.1-mile span across the Hudson River that is the longest bridge in New York state. The New York State Thruway Authority estimates that 138,000 cars travel the bridge daily. After more.How much is the toll to cross the Tappan Zee Bridge? The toll for a standard, New York-based E-ZPass users will increase from the current $4.75 to $5.25 in 2021 and $5.75 in 2022. For tolls billed by mail (AKA non-E-ZPass users), the toll will increase from the current $5 to $6.83 in 2021 and $7.48 in 2022.The proposed New York State Thruway was to be part of a 1,780-mile network of "interstate and interregional" expressways. The early thruway plan had the toll road cross the Hudson River at the proposed Newburgh-Beacon Bridge (I-84). Later plans had the thruway cross at the proposed Tappan Zee Bridge (I-87 and I-287).She said the Thruway Authority claimed she hadn't paid a toll bill since cashless tolling began on the Tappan Zee/Gov. Mario M. Cuomo bridges in April 2016.An unauthorized vehicle using the Henry Hudson Bridge must pay the Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge rate. E-ZPass crossing charges apply to New York E-ZPass Customer Service Center customers only and are available subject to terms, conditions and agreements established by the Authority.TARRYTOWN, N.Y. (CBSNewYork) -- Tolls on the new Tappan Zee Bridge could be in the $14 range when it is slated to open in five years. Larry Schwartz, a top aide to Gov. Andrew Cuomo, gave...The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge opened to traffic in 1955 and, until its retirement on October 6, 2017, was a vital artery for residents, commuters, travelers and commercial traffic. Bridge traffic grew to about 140,000 vehicles per day in 2016, far more than the Tappan Zee was intended to carry.April 1: Planned start date for cashless tolling for the Tappan Zee Bridge. 138,000: Cars and trucks that cross the bridge each day. 80: Percentage of tolls paid by E-ZPass on the bridge, the ...The last free exit heading northbound is at Ridge Hill Boulevard and Stew Leonard Drive (exit 6A). Travel farther north from there requires a toll payment at the Yonkers toll gantry. [citation needed] Tappan Zee Bridge (I-87 and I-287) After the toll, the thruway continues to exit 7, which grants access to Ardsley and Saw Mill River Road.Construction work on the new NY Bridge to replace the deteriorating structure of the Tappan Zee Bridge. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic New Tappan Zee Bridge stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. New Tappan Zee Bridge stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.History. Timeline. Tappan Zee Bridge. Educational Resources. At its heart, the legacy of the Tappan Zee Bridge is about engineering innovation, political vision, and the socio-economic benefits that helped grow one of the nation's most important commercial corridors. A Lasting Legacy. 1955-2017.There are two main reasons why an E-ZPass customer receives a Tolls by Mail Toll Bill instead of the toll transaction posting to an E-ZPass account. A valid E-ZPass Tag was not detected in the vehicle. Common reasons why this occurs is the Tag was placed on the vehicle dashboard, was held by the customer, or the customer forgot the Tag. ANDBlue Hill. People also liked: Restaurants For Lunch. Best Restaurants near Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge - Bridge View Tavern & Beer Garden, Sweet Grass Grill, Basque Tapas Bar, Goosefeather, Horsefeathers, Bistro 12, Beekman Ale House, Blue Hill, Hudson Anchor Restaurant, Grass Roots Kitchen.Apr 24, 2016 · Sunday, April 24, 2016. wabc. NYACK, New York (WABC) -- Cashless tolls took effect at the Tappan Zee Bridge shortly after the stroke of midnight Sunday. The new system of electronic toll ... Floating bridges were an invention of the Romans, and they are still used today. Learn about the engineering behind floating bridges at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Maybe someday w...2013 – 2018. Cost of construction. $3.9 billion (New Tappan Zee Bridge replacement is the largest transportation design-build project in US history) Total length. 3.1 miles (5 km) Height. 419 ft (128 m) Toll fee.April 23: At 12:01 a.m., cashless tolls will start on the Tappan Zee Bridge. 138,000: Cars and trucks that cross the bridge each day. 80: Percentage of tolls paid by E-ZPass on the bridge, the ...The Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement Project entered its next phase with the release of the final Request for Proposals (RFP) document. The four design and construction bidders have until July 27 to submit final proposals. ... environmental benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by driver cueing and congestion at conventional toll ...Feb 6, 2024 ... We hope your wallet is ready, because tolls on the New York State Thruway are set to bump up again next year. FOX 5 NY's Richard Giacovas ...Here's what will go down. If it's your first time, EZPass will send you a bill for the amount of the toll as a courtesy. If you are a repeat offender they will add a fine. You can call EZPass at 1 ...In 2016, the state announced that tolls would be frozen across the Tappan Zee Bridge until 2020 and that a Toll Advisory Task Force would be created to solicit public feedback and make ...Driving on the new Tappan Zee Bridge is about to get more costly for motorists. New toll increases on the Tappan Zee Bridge have been announced. The New York State Thruway Authority has approved increasing the toll on the bridge for E-ZPass users to $5.25 by 2021 and $5.75 by 2022. Those paying by mail would see a 30 percent increase, including ...The Thruway’s transition to system-wide cashless tolling began in 2016 on the then Tappan Zee Bridge, now Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, followed by the remaining fixed-price barriers in 2018. During the peak activity of the project, a workforce of more than 800 workers from across the state performed work along the I-87 and I-90 …Here's how the toll increase will work: The toll for a standard, New York-based E-ZPass users will increase from the current $4.75 to $5.25 in 2021 and $5.75 in 2022. For tolls billed by mail (AKA ...Some 138,000 cars cross the Tappan Zee every day, contributing nearly 20 percent of the Thruway's annual toll revenue. As of the end of August, traffic totals on the bridge were up 1 percent over ...Look for the toll bill related to your trip across the Tappan Zee Bridge. Toll bills are usually organized by date, allowing you to locate the correct one easily. 3. Review the bill details: Click on the selected toll bill to view its details. Take the time to review the information presented, including the date and time of the trip, toll ...Cash-less toll is good in many ways, but not for people in rental cars. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to ...The Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement Project entered its next phase with the release of the final Request for Proposals (RFP) document. The four design and construction bidders have until July 27 to submit final proposals. ... environmental benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by driver cueing and congestion at conventional toll ...Cashless tolls are part of the transition during the construction of a new $3.9 billion Tappan Zee Bridge set to open in 2018 next to the current bridge. The Thruway Authority estimates about 50 million vehicles cross the 60-year-old bridge over the Hudson River annually. More than 80 percent of those vehicles have E-ZPass.Tolls Rates Effective Jan. 1, 2024. Select your vehicle type: 2 axle* vehicle under 7 feet 6 inches in height* with nothing in tow. (This includes most passenger cars, minivans, and …Just saw on News 12 that the proposed tolls for the NEW Tappan Zee Bridge will be $14 cash, $13.30 with EZPass ( a whopping 5% deduction for ...Construction on the Tappan Zee Bridge began on March 12, 1952, and the bridge opened to the public on December 15, 1955. In the 45 months of construction, it was estimated that 10,000 different people worked on the bridge, with up to 1,000 employed on the bridge project at a time. ... Toll collection would account for 35 jobs, and the rest ...Apr 24, 2016 · Sunday, April 24, 2016. wabc. NYACK, New York (WABC) -- Cashless tolls took effect at the Tappan Zee Bridge shortly after the stroke of midnight Sunday. The new system of electronic toll ... Ohio Turnpike Commission. 24. Indiana Toll Road Concession Company. 25. Chicago Skyway Concession Company. 26. Illinois State Toll Highway Authority. 27.Dec 28, 2015 ... With a $4 billion twin crossing set to replace the 60-year-old Tappan Zee Bridge in a few years, tolls will increase to pay for it. The Thruway ...By Rick Pezzullo— The New York State Thruway Authority Board of Directors last week authorized the start of the toll adjustments on its roadways, including the Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, starting in 2024. The increase would be the first system-wide for NY E-ZPass customers in 14 years. “We have not seen a system-wide toll increase since 2010, and now is the time to move ahead with this ...Santabarbera said he planned to introduce legislation that would enact a “much-needed” two-year toll-hike freeze, calling NYSTA “out of touch with the times we are living in.” The new Tappan Zee Bridge's official name is the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge. The old bridge's official name was the Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge.The New York Thruway Authority has announced that truck tolls will be increased on the Tappan Zee Bridge. For E-Z Pass customers, truck tolls will be increased from $3 to $6 during rush hours 6 a.m.TARRYTOWN, N.Y. (CBSNewYork) -- Tolls on the new Tappan Zee Bridge could be in the $14 range when it is slated to open in five years. Larry Schwartz, a top aide to Gov. Andrew Cuomo, gave...Tappan Zee Bridge. Tappan Zee Bridge. Sign in. Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. Tappan Zee Bridge. Tappan Zee Bridge ...The Staten Island Bridges Plan toll rate is $7.69 per peak or off-peak trip (plus $12.20 for each additional axle beyond two axles) at the Bayonne Bridge, Goethals Bridge, or Outerbridge Crossing, provided at least three Staten Island-bound trips are made in a single calendar month that are not otherwise discounted by the Green Pass Plan.2 Round-trip toll collected southbound; no toll collected on northbound trips. The Class 2L toll ($4.75) applies to E-ZPass customers without the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge commuter or carpool plans. Peak toll rates apply weekdays 6AM - 10AM. (Vehicles will be charged up to the Peak toll rate during this period).

The new one is the Tappan Zee bridge and is named the the Mario Cuomo Bridge. If it's not clear why, it's because the body of water the bridge covers is called the Tappan Zee. So, any bridge crossing it is the Tappan Zee bridge, no matter what anyone says. ... The bridge toll pays for things other than the bridge. Like the pavement used to .... Olive garden phone numbers

toll for tappan zee bridge

Additionally, the Thruway Authority also plans to implement fixed toll rate increases of $0.50 each year at the new Tappan Zee Bridge until 2027, when the base NY E-ZPass rate for passenger ... Despite what the nursery rhyme says, London Bridge is not falling down and never has. But the bridge spanning the Thames has been rebuilt over and over. Advertisement Crossing the ...Currently, the toll for E-ZPass holders stands at $5.75. But, in just a few months, it will rise to $6.25, affecting daily commuters and travelers alike. Comparisons. … New York Bridge, Tunnel E-ZPass Toll Rate Cash Toll Rate Video – Tolls by Mail Toll Rate; The Bronx–Whitestone Bridge: $6.55: Not allowed: $10.17: Throgs Neck Bridge: $6.55: Not allowed: $10.17: Tappan Zee / Mario M. Cuomo Bridge: $5.75: Not allowed: $6.61: Triborough (Robert F. Kennedy Bridge) $6.55: Not allowed: $10.17: Hugh L Carey ... These discounts can only be obtained with a valid New York E-ZPass Tag/account. Other rules may apply. Thruway Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge Commuter Plan: Receive a $7.19 discount per trip ($3.75 versus $10.94 Tolls by Mail rate) on the Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge. A minimum of 20 trips per month is required.Additionally, the Thruway Authority also plans to implement fixed toll rate increases of $0.50 each year at the new Tappan Zee Bridge until 2027, when the base NY E-ZPass rate for passenger ...The bridge carries Interstate 87/287 across the river, virtually completing the Buffalo-to-Bronx mainline. At 3.1 miles long, the Tappan Zee is the longest bridge in New York. The toll to travel over the Tappan Zee Bridge in 1955 was 50 cents.This route would connect to (and take maximum advantage of) north-south arteries on both sides of the Hudson River, not only those in Westchester and Rockland counties, but …With road trip—and rental car—season squarely upon us, here are a few strategies that'll help keep tolls and surprise fees from ruining your vacation. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree...Interstate 287: Interstate 287, also referred to as the Cross Westchester Expressway, is another popular route to reach the Tappan Zee Bridge. This highway runs east-west across Westchester County and connects to the New York State Thruway (I-87) near White Plains.Current Toll Schedule. Toll rates apply to all five spans operated by the New York State Bridge Authority: The Bear Mountain, Newburgh-Beacon, Mid-Hudson, Kingston-Rhinecliff, and Rip Van Winkle bridges. Vehicle Description. Class 1. (Cars, Pick-ups, Motorcycles) 2 axles, Less than 7 foot, 6 Inches (7', 6") $1.65.Feb 12, 2024 · Tolls by Mail users will pay more. By 2027, they’ll pay $13.56, up from the current $7.48, to cross the Rockland-to-Westchester span, which replaced the Tappan Zee Bridge at a cost of $4 billion ... Aug 24, 2017 ... The tolls on the bridge are frozen at $5 until 2020. The governor did not say whether they would increase after that. Cuomo's comments caused a ....

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