Gravel walkway - Scoria Gravel 20mm. $260.00 Tonne. Decorative gravels and pebbles are used in driveways, pathways, as inorganic mulch, in pots and planter boxes. Available in an extensive range of colours and sizes. The enormous choice ANL can offer in size, shape and application of gravels and pebbles allows you to exercise your design …

 
Step 1: Lay Out the Walkway and Remove the Topsoil. Choose the location and layout for the walkway. Use landscape marking paint to draw the rough layout and shape for the …. Dell student discount

Whether you’re planning to build a pathway in your garden or create a solid base for your new driveway, determining the right amount of gravel needed is essential. No one wants to ...Jul 28, 2022 · Add sleek pavers. (Image credit: Yardzen) If your home is on the modern side, add a graphic element to your front walkway with sleek, rectangular pavers embedded in gravel. To emphasize the design, choose materials in different shades. 4. Extend your home's architecture down your walkway. (Image credit: Jessica Risko Smith / Caitlin Atkinson ... The best way to build a walkway on a steep slope is to level it out. This can be done by hand or with the help of a machine. Step 1 – Determine the level of your slope by using a laser level or water level. If you are building the walkway yourself, you will need access to equipment such as a wheelbarrow, shovels and other tools that will ...How To Lay A Simple Gravel Path: Step-By-Step · Step 1: Marking & Preparation · Step 2: Digging · Step 3: Install the Edging · Step 4: Add Crushed S...Weave a gravel walkway through ornamental grass. Gravel provides a laid-back walkway through the grass garden at RHS Wisley (Image credit: Joanna Kossak/RHS) Speaking of ornamental grasses, this garden above has got us swooning. The tall plants are wonderfully structural with their wispy clouds of seed heads. And, a gravel path is a well …EuroGravel PLUS Gravel Grids - Information and installation. € 16.00. Add to cart. SKU: MSIE1143 Category: Garden Stones, Pebbles & Chippings. Description. Additional information. Reviews 0. Gravel Mats which come in 1 Metre x 1.2 Metre Lengths x 3cm high. Each hexagon within the mat is 55mm Long from one internal point to its opposite point.Aug 1, 2022 · 3. Create a woodland walkway. Bark and wood chippings are a natural fit with the dappled shade of woodland garden areas, while also protecting from erosion, mulching and suppressing weeds. Look for sources that haven’t used pesticides, as these can affect surrounding woodland plant growth and animal health. Step 2. Sprinkle table salt or winter de-icing salt around the gravel driveway or walkway to kill the moss. Salt is effective at "burning" through many organic materials and can remove the moss. If desired, add several tablespoons of salt to a spray bottle, fill the bottle with water and apply the solution to the moss.The possibilities are limitless, but we’ll give you a head start—these are some of our favorite ways to use gravel in our landscape designs. Walkways. Whether you’re talking front yard hardscape ideas or backyard hardscape ideas, almost every design includes a path. Creating a stable, beautiful walkway is a must in many landscape …Jan 18, 2565 BE ... A gravel walkway is one of our favourite types of paths that blends in better and will look like it has been in your garden forever.Winter storms bring more than snow: they also cover your home, driveway, and walkways with dangerous ice that you’ll need to remove, safely. Things can get a little confusing thoug...Crushed Gravel Cost. One of the most important considerations for many people is the cost of the material, but there is good news with crushed gravel because it's one of the more affordable driveway options available. Typically, a gravel driveway will cost about $1.25 to $1.80 per square foot, taking into consideration that the driveway is ... Mark the path with stakes and string set 8 inches out to give yourself room to work. Dig the path 1 inch shallower than the height of the stones. Lay weed-barrier cloth in the bottom of the trench and cover with 1 inch of gravel (see drawing A, below). Place the stones (B), then backfill with soil along the outside. Gravel is also another option for a walkway surface. A finer gravel is the best for pathways, as coarser gravel can be hard on the feet and is less stable. First, place a bed of at least 2 inches of sand for stability. Then, lay the gravel out little by little, using a rake to level it occasionally. The gravel should be laid 2 to 3 inches thick.Gravel is also another option for a walkway surface. A finer gravel is the best for pathways, as coarser gravel can be hard on the feet and is less stable. First, place a bed of at least 2 inches of sand for stability. Then, lay the gravel out little by little, using a rake to level it occasionally. The gravel should be laid 2 to 3 inches thick.Add the Gravel. Toss shovelfuls of gravel at several places throughout the patio to further secure the landscape fabric. Be careful not to tear the fabric with your feet or the shovel. Add more gravel to fill in the bare spots. Add gravel and gently spread it with the rake until you reach a 2-inch depth.Nov 6, 2017 · Sand layer before the gravel. 3. Once newspaper is down, spread paver sand on top. We chose paver sand because it’s used to keep pavers in place, and is highly durable out in the elements, i.e. rain. Use the back of a bow rake to smooth the sand into an even layer about an inch thick. Jan 15, 2024 · 4. Brick Pavers. Using bricks or brick pavers to line the brick edging of your gravel driveway is a budget-conscious choice that also looks excellent. Especially if your home has brick siding, edging your driveway with brick can tie the property together and make it look more cohesive. Oct 13, 2022 · Commonly used sizes for gravel include: Pea Gravel: Typically 1/4 inch to 1/2 inch (about 0.6 cm to 1.3 cm) in diameter. It is often used for landscaping and pathways. Crushed Stone #5: Ranging from 1 inch to 1.5 inches (about 2.5 cm to 3.8 cm) in diameter. It’s commonly used as a base material for driveways and roads. Jun 14, 2566 BE ... ... gravel out along the walkway. This looks great, but also makes for a smooth path. when you need to wheel on equipment across it. Then just ...Feb 19, 2024 · Dig a trench about 2 inches deep. The edges of the trench will be flush with the outlined edges of your path. 5. Line your trench with landscape fabric or two layers of burlap or newspaper to smother weeds, but allow drainage. 6. Edge your trench with rocks or bricks to contain the gravel. 7. Add your gravel, Gravel can also be used to make roof coverings, a walkway, or a driveway: a mixture of sand and gravel can be used to make shingles; walkways can be made out of a mix of gravel and stone; a driveway may be built using gravel alone or with a mixture of gravel and asphalt. Gravel is also commonly used for drainage areas …Scoria Gravel 20mm. $260.00 Tonne. Decorative gravels and pebbles are used in driveways, pathways, as inorganic mulch, in pots and planter boxes. Available in an extensive range of colours and sizes. The enormous choice ANL can offer in size, shape and application of gravels and pebbles allows you to exercise your design …To calculate how much gravel is needed, measure the width and breadth of the area in feet, and determine the depth desired. Multiply the length times the width times the depth for ...Pea gravel is a decorative small rock that is poured to fill holes and create landscaping dreams. They are similar to the rocks uses to create a french drain, the difference being the size of the rocks or gravel. The shape of the this gravel is unique. This gravel has a smooth surface with each rock being made from river rocks, smoothed into ...The least expensive, easiest way to build a walkway is to repurpose wooden pallets — they’re free and don’t require any building. Other than that, mulch and gravel can also be economical walkway materials. Mulch can run around $110, whereas gravel can cost approximately $150, depending on the length of your path.For a patio, select crushed gravel that is 3/8- to 3/4-inch in diameter. A driveway needs layered gravel to provide stability for vehicles. Start with a layer of stones about the size of baseballs or softballs, with a diameter of 3 to 4 inches. Next, install a layer of 2- to 3-inch-diameter stones. The driveway's top dressing should be 3/8-inch ...2. Lay Down A Base Layer Of Rock. Pea gravel is round and tends to roll, so laying down a base layer of a more coarse, angular rock can help stabilize the pea gravel. After excavating the area, pour in about three inches of a base layer of crushed rock. The recommended base layer is #3 or #57 crushed stone.Scoria Gravel 20mm. $260.00 Tonne. Decorative gravels and pebbles are used in driveways, pathways, as inorganic mulch, in pots and planter boxes. Available in an extensive range of colours and sizes. The enormous choice ANL can offer in size, shape and application of gravels and pebbles allows you to exercise your design …Apr 6, 2561 BE ... We replaced these rotted 2x6 boards with some cobblestones to give this gravel walkway a more natural feel.beautifully landscaped ornamental garden with ornamental gravel and flowers Aperture 9.5, exposure time 1/750 sec., ISO 200, UV filter, lens hood, focal length 34 mm, jura rock, basalt gravel, jura gravel, granite gravel, aubretia, gravel path stock pictures, royalty-free photos & imagesPlace your stone — Once your pathway is framed, place clean/dry aggregate at least ⅛ of an inch or larger. You can mix up your materials and utilize a top coat of quality materials in addition to our gravel binder for cost-effectively beautiful results. Prep the surface — Upon inspection of the gravel to ensure it is dry, we recommend ...Jul 24, 2023 · 1 /16. Bark mulch is a budget- and DIY-friendly material to keep in mind for no small number of appealing walkway ideas. This path skips extra decorations and details for a natural and unaffected ... Gravel for driveways and walkways; Base for pipework and culverts; Drainage work; Crushed stone #411: Less than 1” Wide. Similar in size to #67 stone, crushed rocks graded #411 are less than 1 inch in diameter with an average size of ¾ inch. However, unlike crushed stone number 67, #411 contains stone dust so that it can be …Flagstone Walkway Step-By-Step Instructions. Use a garden hose to lay out the shape and location of the 3-foot-wide walkway. Cut through the sod and roots along the hose using a flat-blade shovel or edger. Dig 3 to 4 inches of dirt from walkway. If you encounter a thick root, cut it out with loppers. Install steel edging along each side of the ...Black Star Gravel is a basalt gravel. It is a beautiful modern decorative gravel. It is excellent for hardscape and landscape design projects, french drain installation, walkway / pathway, rock garden, landscape edging, blackstar gravel driveway, gravel drainage, parking lot surface, the accent in fountain water features, and more.Furthermore, it is …Pour in your gravel. Rake it out so it is evenly distributed and none of the landscape fabric shows through. Don’t fill to the top of the edging. Leave about a half inch of edging above the gravel to keep it from spilling over. Use your trusty tamper or compactor to compact your top layer for a more solid walkway.Mark the path with stakes and string set 8 inches out to give yourself room to work. Dig the path 1 inch shallower than the height of the stones. Lay weed-barrier cloth in the bottom of the trench and cover with 1 inch of gravel (see drawing A, below). Place the stones (B), then backfill with soil along the outside.Here are some stats to keep in mind. Pea gravel costs: $25–$80 per cu. yd. for materials and installation. $0.83–$5 per sq. ft. for materials and installation. $15–$75 per cu. yd. for materials alone. $0.50–$1.50 per sq. ft. for materials alone. Calculating how much pea gravel you need comes down to the area you have to cover and the ...May 8, 2023 · Kindra Clineff. A flagstone path is always a classic and timeless choice. The cracks and spaces between the stones add a relaxed, organic look and the stone is easy to maintain. For extra definition, line the walkway with red bricks that pop against green grass and emphasize its shape with a border. 04 of 24. Jul 23, 2014 · Pea gravel walkways are relatively low maintenance. To preserve the path’s beauty, simply rake over the stones regularly to keep the surface even and level. A leaf blower can be used to remove debris, as the stones are heavy enough that they won’t blow away. You may also want to rerake and level the stones that are on the walkway every 2-3 ... beautifully landscaped ornamental garden with ornamental gravel and flowers Aperture 9.5, exposure time 1/750 sec., ISO 200, UV filter, lens hood, focal length 34 mm, jura rock, basalt gravel, jura gravel, granite gravel, aubretia, gravel path stock pictures, royalty-free photos & imagesWalkway costs will vary based on the materials used. A new concrete walkway will cost $1,620 on average. A paver walkway can add a more attractive and unique element to your landscape and cost $2,480. Pea gravel walkways can be more cost-effective and have a more natural look. On average, pea gravel installation costs …Crush and run gravel, also known as crusher run, is a type of gravel that is commonly used in places where motor vehicles are often driven or parked. There are various types of gra...The least expensive, easiest way to build a walkway is to repurpose wooden pallets — they’re free and don’t require any building. Other than that, mulch and gravel can also be economical walkway materials. Mulch can run around $110, whereas gravel can cost approximately $150, depending on the length of your path.3. Create a woodland walkway. Bark and wood chippings are a natural fit with the dappled shade of woodland garden areas, while also protecting from erosion, mulching and suppressing weeds. Look for sources that haven’t used pesticides, as these can affect surrounding woodland plant growth and animal …Jul 26, 2560 BE ... Smaller Rocks. After we had the stones in place, we filled it with multicolored rocks. We used just under one cubic yard for our 40′ long by ...Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.Updated: February 19, 2024. 66,398. A gravel path can be a visually appealing component to your garden, as well as being environmentally friendly and easy to maintain. Following …Jul 31, 2564 BE ... Hi everybody. This is a quick tutorial on how to make a gravel walkway. The stepping stone walkway that I made last year didn't stay in the ...Bright, bold and beautiful, this vibrant walkway is a gorgeous addition to any garden. The use of gravel creates the sensation of being in a country park, admiring the view on the way through! Gravel is also a …Jun 9, 2565 BE ... For those of you who have been around for a while, you might remember me mixing pea gravel in a wheelbarrow with some epoxy and making an ...Designed by Cityscapers, this garden is made even more dramatic by the walkways being set on an angle, at varying levels. The rich, red tones of the timber are enhanced by the rusty Corten steel risers and are the perfect complementary color for the lush green planting. 21. Illuminate the way.Lawn & Garden; 7 Thrifty Designs for a DIY Walkway Garden paths serve both a practical and aesthetic purpose in the yard. They provide a safe and easy walkway to and from the house and garden, and ...Sep 1, 2020 · Put your 1x4s up on end in place, then drive the stakes against them into the ground. Hammer the stake below the 1×4 so the gravel will cover it up later. Attach the stakes to the 1×4 border with 1-1/2″ or 1-5/8″ exterior coated screws. I had 3 stakes on the long ends and 1 stake on short border under the gate. GD Gravel is a stabilized gravel system consisting of a foundation of connected honeycomb-celled panels with a geotextile backing. Once filled with gravel this system is ideal for vehicle or pedestrian traffic with no …Gravel is an aggregate and is considered to be coarser compared to the other paver base materials. Gravel can be made out of whatever local rock is available in the area. It is at times nicknamed as crusher rock or roadbed gravel, even. The most common type of gravel available is the ¾ minus gravel.37 Gravel Walkway Ideas. by — Brian Cornwell. Published on June 1, 2018. Updated on September 26, 2023. Embarking on a journey …Apr 6, 2022 · The walkway in this backyard design by @tomhowardgardens alternates between white gravel and dark gray pavers, creating a lovely stripe effect. Experiment with different color stones and pavers to get the desired effect. Just be sure to choose two highly-contrasting colors for stripes with crisp edges. 8 / 10. 800. 77K views 2 years ago #decomposedgranite. Here at the site of our xeriscape front yard makeover, we are installing a gravel pathway made from …Getting gravel or wood in your shoes can make hiking uncomfortable or even dangerous. Gaiters help protect you so you can enjoy your hikes. We may be compensated when you click on ...Sep 14, 2563 BE ... Stepping stone walkway ideas are an easy way to create a durable concrete walkway in your backyard without taking away from the surrounding ...Pea gravel is a decorative and useful landscaping material for mulching and making walkways, driveways and even patios. It's one of many types of gravel and is not to be confused with the angled gravel commonly used for drainage and underground structural construction. It behaves very differently, owing to its smooth round or oval-shaped stones ...RUNNER-UP: Natria Grass and Weed Control With Root Killer. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Energen Carolina LLC Vinegar Weed and Grass Killer. BEST FOR GRAVEL DRIVEWAYS: Earth’s Ally Weed and Grass ...Gravel is a popular landscaping material for paths, seating areas, or steps. Laying a membrane underneath is recommended to prevent weeds from growing up through the gravel, however, one may not always be in place and that opens the door to pesky weeds. ... or lightly scatter the salt over gravel walkways. Rock salt is preferential to …Pea Gravel Walkway Ideas. Creating a walkway adds an interesting landscaping feature to your yard. Whether it leads to your front door, to your garden shed, or connects the front and backyard, it’s an excellent way to add visual interest and keeps heavy foot traffic off your lawn. 19. Walkway. There are many different ways to make a pea gravel walkway, but …Black edging contains the gravel walkway and defines the undulating river-like shape. While a straight line is the shortest distance between two points, this curving path feels more natural and offers the opportunity for a soothing stroll to the bench at its destination. 13. Pair Regular Angles With A Winding Walkway. Source: …Updated: February 19, 2024. 66,398. A gravel path can be a visually appealing component to your garden, as well as being environmentally friendly and easy to maintain. Following …45 Backyard Walkway Ideas That Will Elevate Your Yard. By. Farima Ferguson. Published on 04/13/23. Maite Granda. Backyard walkways can transform …Learn how to build a stone walkway with flagstone, gravel, or pavers in a weekend or less. Follow these easy DIY steps for each type of walkway material and get inspired by these ideas and tips.Learn how to build a gravel path for your backyard with tips on design factors, materials, borders and maintenance. Find out the pros and cons of gravel, stone, brick and pavers as path materials. See …Jul 25, 2565 BE ... Standard Method: Excavate your project area to 6 inches deep. Then compact, preferably with a plate compactor. The end result should be a smooth ...3. Create a woodland walkway. Bark and wood chippings are a natural fit with the dappled shade of woodland garden areas, while also protecting from erosion, mulching and suppressing weeds. Look for sources that haven’t used pesticides, as these can affect surrounding woodland plant growth and animal …Edged Front Walkway. Michelle Boudreau Design. The front walkway of this midcentury modern home from Michelle Boudreau Design is edged with gravel and planted on both sides to create separation with the front lawn and enhance the entrance to the pink front door. Continue to 22 of 30 below.To calculate how much gravel you need to cover a rectangular area you need to multiply the volume by the gravel density. The volume formula for a rectangular (or square) box in cubic feet is height (ft) x width (ft) x length (ft), as seen in the figure below: For example, to fill a box with a width of 3ft and a length of 6ft, to a depth …Updated: February 19, 2024. 66,398. A gravel path can be a visually appealing component to your garden, as well as being environmentally friendly and easy to maintain. Following …Many suppliers sell large quantities of gravel by the ton. Converting from cubic yards to tons requires knowing the density of the gravel; while this can vary, our gravel calculator keeps it simple by using the standard 2,835 lbs per cubic yard for density. Thus, 1 cubic yard = 2,835 lbs / 2,000 lbs = 1.42 tons.Gravel can also be used to make roof coverings, a walkway, or a driveway: a mixture of sand and gravel can be used to make shingles; walkways can be made out of a mix of gravel and stone; a driveway may be built using gravel alone or with a mixture of gravel and asphalt. Gravel is also commonly used for drainage areas …Jan 9, 2024 · Check the thickness: Measure the thickness of the base layer using a tape measure. Ensure it meets the desired thickness, typically 2-3 inches. If needed, add more gravel and compact again until the desired thickness is achieved. Adding a base layer of gravel provides a solid foundation for your walkway. May 8, 2023 · Kindra Clineff. A flagstone path is always a classic and timeless choice. The cracks and spaces between the stones add a relaxed, organic look and the stone is easy to maintain. For extra definition, line the walkway with red bricks that pop against green grass and emphasize its shape with a border. 04 of 24. Lay the Flagstones. Place the flagstones on top of the sand in the desired pattern. Keep the stones close together to avoid large gaps. If using paver sand, maintain a gap of about 2 to 3 …Oct 21, 2565 BE ... The Complete Step by Step DIY Guide on How to Build a Path from laying the sub base through to installing a gravel stabilising grid and ...Crushed Gravel Cost. One of the most important considerations for many people is the cost of the material, but there is good news with crushed gravel because it's one of the more affordable driveway options available. Typically, a gravel driveway will cost about $1.25 to $1.80 per square foot, taking into consideration that the driveway is ...Supplies & Tools Needed to Install a Flagstone Walkway. Flagstone Pieces cut in various Sizes. Pea gravel. Cobblestone Edging Stones. Landscape Fabric & Fabric Pins. Hand Cart or furniture dolly. For years now, I have been talking about finishing the flagstone walkway & path around our farmhouse….Types of gravel. Use 3/4-in. or smaller gravel for paths. Gravel is the easiest to handle and least expensive path material. It feels soft underfoot, but it's solid enough to handle a loaded ...Learn how to create a DIY gravel walkway with This Old House landscape contractor Roger Cook. Follow the step-by-step video and instructions for installing steel edging, landscape fabric, pea gravel and more.

Lay a piece of discarded carpet or a layer of permeable membrane, which allows rain to pass through it but will keep the gravel separate from the soil below. It will help to keep the path weed-free, too. Occasionally rake the stones to keep the path smooth and deter any colonising growth. 8. Distribute the gravel.. Google pixel 8 vs samsung s23

gravel walkway

Jun 14, 2021 · The type of gravel you use is a personal choice. Gravel is most commonly made of either basalt, limestone, or sandstone. You can also purchase tumbled stones, which are rounded and smoother on the surface. You can use rocks from 0.5 inches up to 1.5 inches, or choose something like a pea gravel walkway which uses smaller, rounded stones. Geo textile membrane prevents the any sub base or gravel from sinking into the soil below. This would also act as a weed membrane as a secondary ...How to lay a Self Binding Gravel path... CHECK LIST. Dandy's Crusherrun Hardcore MOT Type 1. Dandy's Golden Hoggin 10mm Self Binding Gravel. Digging Spade. Wheelbarrow. Vibrating roller or whacker plate. Alternatively use a plank of wood and sledge hammer. Hose pipe, watering can or sprinkler. Edging stones, …Gravel Walkway. Gravel is a cost-effective material that provides good drainage and is easy to install. You can choose from various colors and sizes to suit your design preferences. 2. Mulch Path. A mulch walkway is an eco-friendly option that helps prevent weed growth and retains moisture in the soil. You can use wood chips, shredded bark or pine needles as …Improving drainage: Using plastic under gravel can help improve drainage by preventing the soil from mixing with the gravel and clogging up the pores of the material. Providing stability: The plastic acts as a stable base for the gravel, keeping it from shifting or sinking into the soil over time. If you’re dealing with an …Located on Talim Island in the middle of Laguna de Bay, the first part of the trip makes the hike more exciting. The trail is generally straightforward and should not pose a problem …Here are the seven edging ideas; 1. Wood. Without a doubt, wood is the most cost-effective edger for separating grass from gravel. Wood is easily customizable, and you can get as creative with it as you want. For instance, you may decide to set them as a picket fence, mini fence, or wood-edged raised beds.For Professionals. Contact. About Us. +44 (0)1580 830688 [email protected] +447537145965. 0. Discover the ultimate guide to gravel path metal edging – explore the numerous benefits and gain valuable tips. Create stunning landscapes with precision and durability.Howell Pathways is your trusted source for Klingstone Paths, the original polyurethane gravel binder and your choice for water-permeable and ADA-compliant ...Design options and inspiring photos of gravel walkways. Swipe to view slides. This gravel path provides a very natural walkway and helps to handle drainage on the property. Greenleaf Services Inc. in Linville, NC. This pea-gravel path gets added interest from recycled brick and a repurposed millstone. Setting other paving materials into a ...These are the best options for driveway surfaces gravel, because they are small stones combined with rock dust, which makes a more solid driving surface. 1. Crushed Stone #411. It is crushed up #57 stone combined with rock dust. This mixture is able to handle moderate traffic from heavy vehicles. 2.Lawn & Garden; 7 Thrifty Designs for a DIY Walkway Garden paths serve both a practical and aesthetic purpose in the yard. They provide a safe and easy walkway to and from the house and garden, and ...Phil Aynsley. Step 6) Add road base to excavated areas and level with rake. Aim to have a depth of about 60mm. Step 6. Phil Aynsley. Step 7) Use plate compactor to compact road base, reducing its …Laying a gravel path using quarry process is a good choice, either as the path itself or a firm base for other gravel to be laid on top. Quarrying is the extraction of sand, rock, gravel, and other materials from the ground to be used for other purposes. Also known as “crusher run” or simply QP, this is great for homeowners looking for a more stable solution for …IMPORTANT NOTE: Mix method ratio has been updated since this video was published. Please follow mix ration in instructions on the back of every container whi...Updated: February 19, 2024. 66,398. A gravel path can be a visually appealing component to your garden, as well as being environmentally friendly and easy to maintain. Following …Oct 21, 2565 BE ... The Complete Step by Step DIY Guide on How to Build a Path from laying the sub base through to installing a gravel stabilising grid and ...There are a variety of low-cost options such as pea gravel, pavers, flagstones, bark, wood and pebbles. For those looking to create a beautiful garden path, here are the best walkway ideas on a budget. The small yet cozy outdoor patio in the picture above features comfy cushioned lounge furniture on a circular arrangement of red ….

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